Tuesday, 2 February 2016

Unit 73: Understand the methods and principles of sound design and production.

Nathan Bolton
Unit 73: Sound for Computer Games (Year 1)
Understand the methods and principles of sound design and production.

Research and explain when you would use the following sound formats and why?

Uncompressed:

Uncompressed files keep all the audio quality of the original source intact, like in a CD.

File types include, WAV, AIFF, AU, SMP, VOC.

WAV/AIFF: Both are interchangeable. They still have relatively large file sizes, but still also has a higher quality of sound.

AU: Sound file format that is used on Sun, NeXt, and Silicon Graphics computers.
SMP: Used for civil engineering design and documentation.

VOC: Used to store tape images for Sinclair ZX Spectrum emulators.

Lossy compression:

Lossy compression files compress the audio for space saving, though at a slightly lower quality.

File types include, MP3, RA, VOX.

MP3: Stores music supported by various software and hardware multimedia players. Mobiles, tablets, cd players, etc.

RA: RealPlayer/RealAudio, which supports most audio and video format stored in a file format developed by RealNetworks.

VOX: Similar to wave files but it doesn’t contain any information about the file.

Audio Sampling:
1.     How can resolution and bit-depth constrain file size?
Resolution: The more pixels, the higher the quality. If you want the sound to be high quality it will have a bigger file size.

Bit-depth: Bit depth is the number of bits of information in each sample (resolution). The more bits in each sample, the higher the quality. The higher the quality, the higher the file size, resulting in you needing more space in the computer if you have lots if audio files.

2.     Explain what the following words mean:

Sample rate: the number of samples of audio carried per second

Mono: heard as if it were a single channel of sound perceived as coming from one position.

Stereo: sound reproduction that creates an illusion of multi-directional audible perspective.

Surround: a system involving three or more speakers surrounding the listener to give a more realistic effect.



Audio Limitations of Games Platforms.
How can the following information limit the recording sound?
DSP (Digital Signal Processor) – it involves more power consumption, information is lost because you can only take samples at intervals
RAM (Random Access Memory) – it gets erased when the power is switched off.
File format (e.g. MP3, WAV, AIFF) – large file sizes or not as good a quality.
Audio output (e.g. Mono, Stereo, Surround) – important information can be lost, extra noise can be introduced.
PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) - requires large bandwidth and very complex coding.

In what types of scenario may you use the following audio recording equipment?
Multitrack recording – to create music.
Multi Instrument Interface – To connect a keyboard to a computer to record with.
DAT – to record sounds/music/FX.
Analogue – to create music/FX.
Software Plugins – when you want to change something about the sound.

Software Sequencer – when you want to edit music/FX.

Thursday, 14 January 2016

Appleseed Alpha

Appleseed Alpha
Plot – A young female soldier and her cyborg partner survive post World War III apocalyptic New York and search for the legendary city of Olympus.

Characters
Deunan – Soldier. Motivation – Getting money and saving her friends
Brie – Special Cyborg. Motivation – Deunan.
Olson – Human/Cyborg. Motivation – Iris.
Iris – Human. Important. Motivation – Saving other people.
Matthews – Mechanic. Motivation – Easily persuaded.
Talos – Cyborg. Motivation – To get Iris to activate monster.
Two Horns – Cyborg leader. Motivation – Almost got killed.
Nyx – Cyborg. Talos’ assistant. Motivation – Helping Talos.

Beginning
They get ambushed on subway and they lose vaccination. The world has turned for the worse. Brie has problems with his internal systems. Brie feels like he’s shadowing Deunan. They meet new people, Olson and Iris. Cyborgs are looking for Olson and Iris. Iris is somehow important. They are from Olympus, a place believed not to be real.

Middle
Two Horns tracks down Brie and Deunan and attacks them. Iris throws grenade at Two Horns and his gang. Iris and Olson got kidnapped by Talos. Talos has a mission to destroy a super war machine.  Talos removes data from Olson. Two Horns and his gang are still alive. Deunan and Brie find Olson’s body and continue what he started. Deunan loses hope. They find Olson’s data chip and continue mission. Talos takes Iris into underground location. Deunan and Brie enter the underground location. Two Horns enters the scene. Deunan gets to wear a robotic suit. Talos has lost control of the machine. Brie kills Nyx. Giant spider monster is attacking the city.

End
Two Horns helps Deunan save Iris from inside the monster. Deunan is on the monster. Deunan’s suit is destroyed. Two Horns saves Deunan from her impending death. Deunan finds her way into monster. Deunan shoots Talos. Deunan gives Iris a pep talk during a dire situation. Monster blows up New York. Talos is now dead. Iris is a Bioroid. Iris sacrifices herself. Giant monster is destroyed. Deunan and Brie are alive. Iris gave Deunan hope, looks at destructive mess. They tell Two Horns they’re going to Olympus. Suit was repaired. They talk about hope.

How this could be turned into a game?
For quite obvious reasons, all the action scenes in this game could be turned into gameplay where you can kill all the enemies, play as either Deunan or Brie, maybe even Iris or Olson, at the end you would have to kill the boss, which is the giant monster, or Nyx, Talos and Two Horns. Driving cars to try and dodge enemy attacks. Game would work as either First Person or Third Person.

Tuesday, 12 January 2016

Storytelling

Top 10 Games with Stories

1. The Last of Us
The story is about a man named Joel who loses his daughter at the beginning of the apocalypse caused by a virus know as 'Cordyceps'. After 20 years, Joel has shielded himself from people, but when he has been given the job to take a 14 year old girl named Ellie, who is immune to the virus, to a group to find a vaccine, but then he starts to open up and they form a relationship like he had with his daughter. Ellie, at first feels the same way about Joel, but then she starts to open up to him as he saves her and she saves him. They lose quite a few people along the way, such as people being bitten, shot, or just left behind.


2. The Walking Dead: Season One
When the zombie apocalypse starts, Lee, a man convicted for a crime, meets a little girl named Clementine, and throughout the game, you are to try and protect her from the dangers around her and teach her how to protect herself. A game based on your decisions, you decide which characters die, or who you want to save and deal with conflicts in the group. People look up to you (Lee) and hope he can make good enough decisions in order to save everyone from dying.

3. The Walking Dead: Season Two
After the events of the first season, you play as Clementine after having lost Lee, and control her decisions as she fights off walkers, enemies, and try and work with a group full of over emotional adults and their children. From the beginning of the game, we are told that we are trying to get to a place called Wellington, a place that is very cold and slows down the walkers, but, whether or not that is true, you'll just have to wait and see.

4. Her Story
You, at first, play an unknown character who is working on a computer, looking through 20 year old video clips of a woman being interviewed about her husbands disappearance, later murder. You have to search through the database words that the woman says throughout her interviews and find out the hidden truth behind everything she says. The story is very original, finding out things that make you second guess everything she tells the police.

5. Outlast
You play as an investigative reporter called Miles Upshur. He is given a hint by an anonymous person, who works at an asylum run by a company funding experiments disguised as charity, to investigate and expose the company for what it really is. When Miles gets there, he is greeted with dead bodies from more or less the start of the game until the end. It is revealed that the project the scientists were doing on the patients backfired and caused a riot, and everyone being scared of an entity called 'The Walrider.' Throughout the game, Miles is attacked by patients and doctors, and must survive to get all hidden secrets. In a DLC of the game, Outlast: Whistleblower, you play a man named Waylon Park, the man who told Miles about the place. We find out that Murkoff found out about his betrayal and force him into volunteering into the 'Engine Program,' (forcing him to become a patient).

6. Everybody's Gone to the Rapture
You play as the last person on Earth. No one knows for certain who you are, but most people would believe you are an American woman named Kate in a 1984 British village. As you walk around the village, you see lights who are revealed to be people, as you follow them around, you start to understand their stories, until you come to their final moments and then go onto the next character's story. Each character has a unique story, such as being worried about your children, affairs, religion, widowers, children being confused about situations, and most importantly, death. An unknown danger appears in this town and Kate, a scientist, tries to communicate with it, but as she does this, it starts to make people disappear.

7. The Wolf Among Us
Based on the popular comic book series, 'Fables,' the story about fairy tale characters living in a small community in New York. You play as Bigby Wolf, previously known as 'The Big Bad Wolf,' who is now an investigator for Fabletown. When a prostitute's head is left in front of his apartment building's front door, it is up to Bigby and Snow White to try and solve the murder before any mundies (humans) find out. Whilst investigating, Bigby realises that there is something bigger happening than just prostitutes being murdered.

8. Beyond: Two Souls
You play as Jodie Holmes, a girl whose memories have been reordered, so you play through her entire timeline from the age of 8 to 23 all bundled up. Making decisions along the way, you see that Jodie is attached to an entity called Aiden (pronounced eye-dun), and even though she doesn't want him there, whenever she thinks she's lost him, she realises she wants him back. Jodie has been through a lot, such as being bullied be others as a teenager, forced into the military, almost getting raped, being hunted down for treason, tricked into committing treason, etc. It is made quite obvious that Jodie has been through some pretty emotional things. and considering you make decisions, it makes you feel bad that you think you caused all this madness.

9. Among the Sleep
This is quite an original game, in which you play as a baby celebrating his 2nd birthday, and because of his age, more or less everything you see in the game is all the baby's imagination, but as you play, you can see all the clues that let you piece together everything from the real world. The game deals with what its like to have an abusive parent who drinks, whose parents are going through a custody battle, etc. The scenery in the game is based off of what is going on in real life, such as beer bottles lying all over the place, drawing the baby made about his mother, which look pretty terrifying, and the monster looks like a giant tree with extremely thin branches as legs, wearing a long coat., obviously representing someone in his life. At the end of the game, it is made clear as to what is happening and the child is then taken away from his abusive mother.

10. Five Nights at Freddy's
This game series is where you play someone working security at a restaurant (except the 4th game) and you have to stay alive until morning. At first, Five Nights at Freddy's didn't seem to have a story, but if you dig deeper, then it is found that very strange things have happened to these chains of restaurants, such as children being murdered and stuffed into animatronic suits, who are given free will from 12am to 6am. A suit malfunctioning and biting off a child's entire frontal lobe, known as "The Bite of '87,' A lot of theories might prove that the entire game series is just a child's dream who has been having nightmares about the restaurant mascots, because he was the victim of the 'Bite.' But it's a split opinion whether or not people think it is really a dream or that it really happened.


Games without a Story

1. Flappy Bird
Flappy Bird is a simple game where you play a bird who doesn't have the ability to fly like other birds, it relies on you to tap the screen every second so that it doesn't fall the ground or bump into pipes along the way so it doesn't die.





2. Tetris

Tetris is a game where you have to sort out shapes neatly so that you don't over flow. If you get an entire line, without any gaps in between shapes, then that line will disappear and you can carry on playing until you lose or get bored.


3. Pong
Pong is a game, which you would usually play with someone else, where you play a simple line trying to hit a ball from left to right with your partner, it is basically a bird's eye view of an air hockey table, from the side.


Difference between stories in games and stories in a book or on film and TV
In a TV show or film, you are watching other people do everything for you, you don't need to do anything but listen to the speakers. In a book, you are reading every little detail of what is happening, so you can understand it a bit better that TV and Film. In a game, you feel more involved in what's happening because you can control the pace of the game until a cut scene occurs, you control the playable character so you feel more like you are a part of game.

Linear and Non-Linear Game line? What does this  mean and how can it impact on storytelling in games?
A linear story-line is a story that starts from the beginning of someone's story, whilst a non-linear story-line could be telling the same story over and over again, but in different character's point of view, or using flashbacks/flash-forwards. By using linear story-lines, people see the story in order, without getting confused. Using non-linear story-lines, then you can have a flashback to see why a character acts the way they do and understand the story in a different way.

Thursday, 17 December 2015

Shapeman Assignment

Sprites
All Sprites were made using Game Maker.






Pentagon (spr_me) (spr_pentagon)(spr_pentagon2) (spr_enemy)








Diamond (spr_diamond) (spr_diamond)2






Arrow (spr_arrow) (spr_arrow)2







Circle (spr_circle) (spr_arrow)2

Curved Square (spr_curvedsquare) (spr_curvedsquare)2








Wall (spr_wall)

Objects
All sprites in the game are the same as the objects
 (obj_me) (obj_pentagon) (obj_pentagon) 2 (obj_enemy)
 (obj_diamond) (obj_diamond)2
 (obj_arrow) (obj_arrow)2
 (obj_circle) (obj_circle)2
 (obj_curvedsquare) (obj_curvedsquare)2
 (obj_wall)
Rooms
Rooms were also made using Game Maker.

Turns you into that shape =

Enemies =
Process

Object: obj_me (create: Execute a piece of code) (create: set the friction)
This is to control the variables                                     To be able to stop the character moving

Object: obj_me (begin step: Execute a piece of code)
A ground check

Object: obj_me (collision with: obj_diamond, obj_circle, obj_arrow, obj_curvedsquare and obj_pentagon)
So when obj_me touches any of those objects, they will turn into the objects duplicate.

Object: obj_me (left, right, up, down: Set moving in direction)
So that when you, for example, press the left arrow key, your character moves left.

Object: obj_enemy (create: execute a piece of code)
To make the enemy wander about in a random direction

Object: obj_enemy (alarm 0: execute a piece of code)
Another code to make the enemy change direction.

Object: obj_enemy (Step: Execute a piece of code)
The speed that the enemy should be moving in.

Object: obj_enemy (Collision with obj_me: execute a piece of code)
To make sure that when the playable shape touches an enemy of the same shape, the enemy dies.

Object: obj_enemy (collision with obj_wall: bounce against solid objects)
To make sure that the enemies aren’t able to fall out of the game.

Object: obj_enemy (draw: execute a piece of code)
So that the code to make sure shapes kill each other know which shapes are meant to die or kill.

Object: obj_controller (create: execute a piece of code (x2) and draw the value of score)
To be able to set the score when you earn one

Object: obj_controller (Step: Execute a piece of code (x2))
To set the countdown for when the enemies change shape.

Object: obj_controller (Draw: Execute a piece of code)
To set the font and font colour of the score.

Improvements I would make are to have better coding, better looking sprites, being able to search for the right thing to be able to get the game working.



This is a manual for the game



video of me testing the game can be seen here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIZj7_1OZVA

Tuesday, 10 November 2015

Concept Art

Year 1 - L3 Games Design
Unit 78: Digital Graphics for Computer Games

Assignment 2

Brief
Sprites:
·         Bob, he wants to collect cupcakes for his girlfriend
·         The Purple Blob, wants to stop him collecting cupcakes
·         Orange Blob, wants to stop him collecting cupcakes, they can jump
·         Cupcakes
·         Walls
·         The exit
Sounds:
·         Jumping noise
·         Getting attacked
·         Got to the exit
·         Finished the game, celebration
5 levels
Platform game
Online game PEGI 7
Anyone, boy or girl, any age above 7.
Bob is going to have to dodge monsters to try and get as many cupcakes for his girlfriend. The Purple Blobs are going to run up to you and try and kill you. The Orange Blob will try and attack you, but they can jump and run. Cupcakes are collectables for Bob to collect for his girlfriend. The walls stop Bob from falling out of the world he is meant to be in. The exit will be his girlfriend, who wants the cupcakes Bob is collecting.














Concept art for Bob.

















 Concept art for cupcakes

Thursday, 29 October 2015

Game Pre-Production Techinques | Unit 1 | Assignment

Nathan Bolton
BTEC Extended Diploma in Computer Games Design
Unit 1: Pre-Production Techniques for the Creative Media Industries
Pre-Production and Planning for a Computer Game

In the pre-production of video games development, you must consider all the things you will need, like equipment, staff, financing etc.

Finance
Most important things in pre-production are finance and deadlines. You can finance you game in many different ways, such as funding the game yourself, and you can produce your game and put it on Steam Greenlight,  and publishers might want to sign it, but it does cost quite a bit to put on consoles and around £70 to get Steam Greenlight.

Indie funding is a popular way to fund a game, a company called “The Indie Fund,” helps independent game developers fund their games, and if the game sells, you can spend time making another game and earning more money. But if the game doesn’t do well, then you will have to try and make another game and fix the already sold game in your free time.

Crowd-funding is one of the most popular ways to fund a game. Crowd-funding is where you suggest an idea for anything, and then people all over the world provide a donation for it to be done. If the world likes the idea and goes over the amount of money you have set for them to reach, then you have to do the idea or else you could face a lawsuit. “Kickstarter” is a site that does this.

Using grants loaned to you can also help fund your game, it has advantages like being able to publish a game whenever and you can use funds without any restrictions. But if the game doesn’t sell, you might have wasted money and if the company who loaned you money has given you more money than they would often give to somebody, then they will ask for their money back.

Using a publisher to fund your game is very good for you, as the take financial risks, and they might sign you if you have a good enough demo for people to play. But if you do use a publisher, then that means that they will own your game and they might own a part of your company. Also, if you don’t have any experience with the industry, then the chances of them signing you are reduced.

Deadlines
Meeting deadlines is one of the most important things in games development as people aren’t going to just sit there waiting to play your game. Also, the more time that you spend making a game, the more money you will have to spend for production. To make sure that you don’t spend any more money on production, then the best thing to do is make a timetable, and set a deadline. You will have to pick days and times for you to do work, and decide what you are going to work on before you start working on it so it doesn’t start to delay you. Using this method with every game you make will help you make more money and will let people know that you’re a reliable company.

Personnel
There are several different roles in the production of video games.
Roles include:
·         Assistant producer – work with staff to ensure a high quality and punctual release.
·         Animator – Responsible for the movement and behaviour of characters and objects within a game, taking advantage of the games engine.
·         Assistant producer – work with staff to ensure a high quality and punctual release.
·         Audio Engineer – responsible for the soundtrack, music, sound effects, voices etc.
·         Creative Director – Responsible for overall look and feeling of the game, making big decisions.
·         External Producer – Ensures delivery of the game and gives publishers the important information for them to advertise.
·         Game Designer – works out what a game will consist of and how it plays.
·         Game programmer – Designs and writes the coding for a game.
·         Games Artist – Creates visual elements in games, such as backgrounds, characters, objects, surface texture and vehicles etc. and drawing concept art.
·         Lead Artist – Responsible for the look of the game, directing the production put into making the game. They also manage the art and animation team.
·         Lead Programmer – Leads the team which codes the game and manages the entire coding process.
·         Level Editor – Creates the architecture for the buildings in a game.
·         Product Manager – Makes marketing campaigns to try and maximise the sales of a game.
·         Project Manager – Makes sure that the game will be released on time and within the budget.
·         QA Tester – Tests, tuning and debugging a game and suggest improvements.
·         Technical Artist – A bridge between artists and programmers. Investigates new techniques and commuting and training the team.

Facilities
The equipment you will need are software such as GameMaker to create the game. When thinking about all of this, you must consider the costs, how much is the game going to cost you? And if all the equipment you need is available at the time of development. For my game it to be sold, Gamemaker costs around £100 and it costs around £70 to publish it on SteamGreenlight, other publishing services might cost considerably more and it might depend if the game sounds good or not.


Before starting the game you must have some idea about how the game will actually look, so it might be good for you to do some concept art, sketching the characters, backgrounds or objects, and a mood-board, putting a bunch of photos together to give yourself an idea or to tell the story in a different way.